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Background  The Indian city of Chennai is endemic for malaria and the known local malaria vector is  Anopheles stephensi .  Plasmodium vivax  is the predominant malaria parasite species, though  Plasmodium falciparum  is present at low levels. The urban ecotype of malaria prevails in Chennai with perennial transmission despite vector surveillance by the Urban Malaria Scheme (UMS) of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). Understanding the feeding and resting preferences, together with the transmission potential of adult vectors in the area is essential in effective planning and execution of improved vector control measures.    Methods  A yearlong survey was carried out in cattle sheds and human dwellings to check the resting, feeding preferences and transmission potential of  An. stephensi . The gonotrophic status, age structure, resting and host seeking preferences were studied. The infection rate in  An. stephensi  and  Anopheles subpictus  were analysed by circumsporozoite ELISA (CS-ELISA).    Results  Adult vectors were found more frequently and at higher densities in cattle sheds than human dwellings. The overall Human Blood Index (HBI) was 0.009 indicating the vectors to be strongly zoophilic. Among the vectors collected from human dwellings, 94.2% were from thatched structures and the remaining 5.8% from tiled and asbestos structures. 57.75% of the dissected vectors were nulliparous whereas, 35.83% were monoparous and the rest 6.42% biparous. Sporozoite positivity rate was 0.55% (4/720) and 1.92% (1/52) for  An. stephensi  collected from cattle sheds and human dwellings, respectively. One adult  An. subpictus  (1/155) was also found to be infected with  P. falciparum .    Conclusions  Control of the adult vector populations can be successful only by understanding the resting and feeding preferences. The present study indicates that adult vectors predominantly feed on cattle and cattle sheds are the preferred resting place, possibly due to easy availability of blood meal source and lack of any insecticide or repellent pressure. Hence targeting these resting sites with cost effective, socially acceptable intervention tools, together with effective larval source management to reduce vector breeding, could provide an improved integrated vector management strategy to help drive down malaria transmission and assist in India’s plan to eliminate malaria by 2030.

Resting and feeding preferences of Anopheles stephensi in an urban setting, perennial for malaria