English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Afghan refugees in northern Pakistan have been resident for over 30 years and current information on malaria in this population is sparse. Understanding malaria risk and distribution in refugee camps is important for effective management both in camps and on return to Afghanistan.    Methods  Cross-sectional malariometric surveys were conducted in five Afghan refugee camps to determine infection and exposure to both  Plasmodium falciparum  and  Plasmodium vivax . Factors associated with malaria infection and exposure were analysed using logistic regression, and spatial heterogeneity within camps was investigated with SatScan.    Results  In this low-transmission setting, prevalence of infection in the five camps ranged from 0–0.2 to 0.4–9 % by rapid diagnostic test and 0–1.39 and 5–15 % by polymerase chain reaction for  P. falciparum  and  P. vivax , respectively. Prevalence of anti-malarial antibodies to  P. falciparum  antigens was 3–11 and 17–45 % for  P. vivax  antigens. Significant foci of  P. vivax  infection and exposure were detected in three of the five camps. Hotspots of  P. falciparum  were also detected in three camps, only one of which also showed evidence of  P. vivax  hotspots.    Conclusions  There is low and spatially heterogeneous malaria transmission in the refugee camps in northern Pakistan. Understanding malaria risk in refugee camps is important so the malaria risk faced by these populations in the camps and upon their return to Afghanistan can be effectively managed.

Heterogeneous malaria transmission in long-term Afghan refugee populations: a cross-sectional study in five refugee camps in northern Pakistan