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Background   Anopheles darlingi  is considered the most efficient malaria vector in the Neotropical region. In Mexico, its role as an incriminated vector of  Plasmodium  has not been confirmed in the Lacandon forest. Similarly, knowledge about bionomic and larval ecology is scarce. The study aim was to identify and describe the larval habitats of  An. darlingi  in Chiapas, México.    Methods  Standard larval collections were performed in the Lacandon forest region and in the Soconusco region of southern Chiapas from January 2010 to April 2014, including dry and rainy seasons. Mean larval density of  An. darlingi  was estimated according to hydrological types, and associations between the presence of  An .  darlingi  and environmental factors including ecological parameters and geographic positions were statistically analysed.    Results  One hundred and twelve aquatic habitats were analysed, 80 from the Lacandon forest region and 32 from the Soconusco region; 94.64 % of these sites presented anopheline larvae. In total, 10,977 larvae belonging to 11  Anopheles  species were collected. The 19 (out of 112) larval habitats positive to  An. darlingi  were: rain puddles (26.32 %), ground pools (21.05 %), ponds (15.79 %), ditches (15.79 %), river margins (10.53 %) and streams (10.53 %). Overall, the average (±SD) larval density was 6.60 ± 2.41 larvae per dip. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that temporary habitats, green algae presence and stagnant water were associated with  An. darlingi  larval presence. The positive habitats were found in the Lacandon forest region during the rainy season (May–September). No specimens were found in the Soconusco region of the coastal plain of Chiapas.    Conclusion  The mosquito  An. darlingi  larval habitats were found in different hydrological types. The habitat stability, presence of algae and water current were the main factors for  An. darlingi  larval occurrence. The information on the characteristics of the larval habitats of  An. darlingi  will be useful in sustainable programmes for malaria control in the Lacandon forest region, Chiapas.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-1037-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Larval habitat characterization of Anopheles darlingi from its northernmost geographical distribution in Chiapas, Mexico