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Background  The  ESR 1 gene suffers methylation changes in many types of cancers, including breast cancer (BC), the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women that is also present in men. Methylation at promoter A of  ESR 1 is the worse prognosis in terms of overall survival; thus, the early detection, prognostic, and prediction of therapy involve some methylation biomarkers.    Methods  Therefore, our study aimed to examine the methylation levels at the  ESR 1 gene in samples from Mexican BC patients and its possible association with menopausal status.    Results  We identified a novel 151-bp CpG island in the promoter A of the  ESR 1 gene. Interestingly, methylation levels at this CpG island in positive ERα tumors were approximately 50% less than negative ERα or control samples. Furthermore, methylation levels at  ESR 1 were associated with menopausal status. In postmenopausal patients, the methylation levels were 1.5-fold higher than in premenopausal patients. Finally, according to tumor malignancy, triple-negative cancer subtypes had higher  ESR 1 methylation levels than luminal/HER2+ or luminal A subtypes.    Conclusions  Our findings suggest that methylation at this novel CpG island might be a promising prognosis marker    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02343-7.

The high methylation level of a novel 151-bp CpG island in the ESR1 gene promoter is associated with a poor breast cancer prognosis