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Background  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) has a high rate of early metastasis. In this study, we aimed to uncover the potential metastasis mechanisms and related signaling pathways in STS with differentially expressed genes and tumor-infiltrating cells.    Methods  RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of 261 STS samples downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to identify metastasis-related differentially expressed immune genes and transcription factors (TFs), whose relationship was constructed by Pearson correlation analysis. Metastasis-related prediction model was established based on the most significant immune genes. CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to identify significant immune cells co-expressed with key immune genes. The GSVA and GSEA were performed to identify prognosis-related KEGG pathways. Ultimately, we used the Pearson correlation analysis to explore the relationship among immune genes, immune cells, and KEGG pathways. Additionally, key genes and regulatory mechanisms were validated by single-cell RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing data.    Results  A total of 204 immune genes and 12 TFs, were identified. The prediction model achieved a satisfactory effectiveness in distant metastasis with the Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.808. LTB was significantly correlated with PAX5 (P < 0.001, R = 0.829) and hematopoietic cell lineage pathway (P < 0.001, R = 0.375). The transcriptional regulatory pattern between PAX5 and LTB was validated by ChIP sequencing data.    Conclusions  We hypothesized that down-regulated LTB (immune gene) modulated by PAX5 (TF) in STSs may have the capability of inducing cancer cell metastasis in patients with STS.

Targeting Lymphotoxin Beta and Paired Box 5: a potential therapeutic strategy for soft tissue sarcoma metastasis