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Background All living organisms have developed during evolution complex time-keeping biological clocks that allowed them to stay attuned to their environments. Circadian rhythms cycle on a near 24 h clock. These encompass a variety of changes in the body ranging from blood hormone levels to metabolism, to the gut microbiota composition and others. The gut microbiota, in return, influences the host stress response and the physiological changes associated with it, which makes it an important determinant of health. Lactobacilli are traditionally consumed for their prophylactic and therapeutic benefits against various diseases, namely, the inflammatory bowel syndrome, and even emerged recently as promising psychobiotics. However, the potential role of lactobacilli in the normalization of circadian rhythms has not been addressed. Results Two-month-old male rats were randomly divided into three groups and housed under three different light/dark cycles for three months: natural light, constant light and constant darkness. The strain  Levilactobacillus brevis  47f was administered to rats at a dose of 0.5 ml per rat for one month and The rats were observed for the following two months. As a result, we identified the biomarkers associated with intake of  L. brevis  47f. Changing the light regime for three months depleted the reserves of the main buffer in the cell—reduced glutathione. Intake of  L. brevis  47f for 30 days restored cellular reserves of reduced glutathione and promoted redox balance. Our results indicate that the levels of urinary catecholamines correlated with light/dark cycles and were influenced by intake of  L. brevis  47f. The gut microbiota of rats was also influenced by these factors.  L. brevis  47f intake was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of  Faecalibacterium  and  Roseburia  and a decrease in the relative abundance of  Prevotella  and  Bacteroides . Conclusions The results of this study show that oral administration of  L. brevis  47f, for one month, to rats housed under abnormal lightning conditions (constant light or constant darkness) normalized their physiological parameters and promoted the gut microbiome's balance.

The effects of Levilactobacillus brevis on the physiological parameters and gut microbiota composition of rats subjected to desynchronosis