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Background Several members of the bacterial  Halomonadacea  family are natural producers of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which are promising materials for use as biodegradable bioplastics. Type-strain species of  Cobetia  are designated PHA positive, and recent studies have demonstrated relatively high PHA production for a few strains within this genus. Industrially relevant PHA producers may therefore be present among uncharacterized or less explored members. In this study, we characterized PHA production in two marine  Cobetia  strains. We further analyzed their genomes to elucidate  pha  genes and metabolic pathways which may facilitate future optimization of PHA production in these strains. Results Cobetia  sp. MC34 and  Cobetia marina  DSM 4741 T  were mesophilic, halotolerant, and produced PHA from four pure substrates. Sodium acetate with- and without co-supplementation of sodium valerate resulted in high PHA production titers, with production of up to 2.5 g poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/L and 2.1 g poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/L in  Cobetia  sp. MC34, while  C. marina  DSM 4741 T  produced 2.4 g PHB/L and 3.7 g PHBV/L.  Cobetia marina  DSM 4741 T  also showed production of 2.5 g PHB/L from glycerol. The genome of  Cobetia  sp. MC34 was sequenced and phylogenetic analyses revealed closest relationship to  Cobetia amphilecti . PHA biosynthesis genes were located at separate loci similar to the arrangement in other  Halomonadacea . Further genome analyses revealed some differences in acetate- and propanoate metabolism genes between the two strains. Interestingly, only a single PHA polymerase gene ( phaC  2 ) was found in  Cobetia  sp. MC34, in contrast to two copies ( phaC  1  and  phaC  2 ) in  C. marina  DSM 4741 T . In silico analyses based on  phaC  genes show that the PhaC 2  variant is conserved in  Cobetia  and contains an extended C-terminus with a high isoelectric point and putative DNA-binding domains. Conclusions Cobetia  sp. MC34 and  C. marina  DSM 4741 T  are natural producers of PHB and PHBV from industrially relevant pure substrates including acetate. However, further scale up, optimization of growth conditions, or use of metabolic engineering is required to obtain industrially relevant PHA production titers. The putative role of the  Cobetia  PhaC 2  variant in DNA-binding and the potential implications remains to be addressed by in vitro -  or in vivo methods.

microbial cell factories

High natural PHA production from acetate in Cobetia sp. MC34 and Cobetia marina DSM 4741T and in silico analyses of the genus specific PhaC2 polymerase variant