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Background  Colonization of  Trichoderma  spp. is essential for exerting their beneficial functions on the plant. However, the interactions between  Trichoderma  spp. and plant roots are still not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how  Tg SWO affect  Trichoderma guizhouense  to establish themselves in the plant rhizosphere and promote plant growth. In this study, we deeply analyzed the molecular mechanism by which the functional characterization of the  Tg SWO by expressing different functional region deletion proteins (FRDP) of  Tg SWO.    Results  Root scanning analysis results showed that  Tg SWO could dramatically increase root density and promote growth. In addition, we also found that  Tg SWO could expand root cell walls, subsequently increase root colonization. Moreover, knockout of  Tg SWO mutants (KO) or overexpression of  Tg SWO mutants (OE) produced greatly reduced or increased the number of cucumber root, respectively. To clarify the molecular mechanism of  Tg SWO in plant-growth-promotion, we analyzed the ability of different FRDP to expand the root cell wall. The root cell wall architecture were considerably altered when treated by ΔCBD protein (the  Tg SWO gene of lacking in the CBD domain was cloned and heterologously expressed), in correlation with the present YoaJ domain of  Tg SWO. In contrast, neither the expansion of cell walls nor the increase of roots was detectable in ΔYoaJ protein.    Conclusions  Our results emphasize the YoaJ domain is the most critical functional area of  Tg SWO during the alteration of cell wall architecture. Simultaneously, the results obtained in this study also indicate that  Tg SWO might play a plant-growth-promotion role in the  Trichoderma -plant interactions by targeting the root cell wall.

TgSWO from Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 promotes growth in cucumber plants by modifying the root morphology and the cell wall architecture