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Background  We previously engineered  Bacillus subtilis  to express an antigen of interest fused to TasA in a biofilm.  B. subtilis  has several properties such as sporulation, biofilm formation and probiotic ability that were used for the oral application of recombinant spores harboring  Echinococcus granulosus  paramyosin and tropomyosin immunogenic peptides that resulted in the elicitation of a specific humoral immune response in a dog model.    Results  In order to advance our understanding of the research in oral immunization practices using recombinant  B. subtilis  spores, we describe here an affordable animal model. In this study, we show clear evidence indicating that a niche is required for  B. subtilis  recombinant spores to colonize the densely populated mice intestinal microbiota. The reduction of intestinal microbiota with an antibiotic treatment resulted in a positive elicitation of local humoral immune response in BALB/c mice after oral application of recombinant  B. subtilis  spores harboring TasA fused to  E. granulosus  (102-207) EgTrp immunogenic peptide. Our results were supported by a lasting prevalence of spores in mice feces up to 50 days after immunization and by the presence of specific secretory IgA, isolated from feces, against  E. granulosus  tropomyosin.    Conclusions  The reduction of mouse intestinal microbiota allowed the elicitation of a local humoral immune response in mice after oral application with spores of  B. subtilis  harboring immunogenic peptides against  E. granulosus .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1030-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Mouse intestinal microbiota reduction favors local intestinal immunity triggered by antigens displayed in Bacillus subtilis biofilm