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Background  Oleaginous yeast  Yarrowia lipolytica  is an organism of choice for the development of biofuel and oleochemicals. It has become a chassis for metabolic engineering in order to produce targeted lipids. Understanding the function of key-enzymes involved in lipid metabolism is essential to design better routes for enhanced lipid production and for strains producing lipids of interest. Because medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) are valuable compounds for biokerosene production, we previously generated strains capable of producing MCFA up to 12% of total lipid content (Rigouin et al. in ACS Synth Biol 6:1870–1879,  2017 ). In order to improve accumulation and content of C14 fatty acid (FA), the elongation, degradation and accumulation of these MCFA in  Yarrowia lipolytica  were studied.    Results  We brought evidence of the role of YALI0F0654 ( Yl ELO1) protein in the elongation of exogenous or de novo synthesized C14 FA into C16 FA and C18 FA.  Yl ELO1 deletion into a αFAS_I 1220 W expressing strain leads to the sole production of C14 FA. However, because this strain does not provide the FA essential for its growth, it requires being cultivated with essential fatty acids and C14 FA yield is limited. To promote MCFA accumulation in  Y. lipolytica  without compromising the growth, we overexpressed a plant diglyceride acyltransferase specific for MCFA and reached an accumulation of MCFA up to 45% of total lipid content.    Conclusion  We characterized the role of  Yl ELO1 in  Y. lipolytica  by proving its involvement in Medium chain fatty acids elongation. We showed that MCFA content can be increased in  Yarrowia lipolytica  by promoting their accumulation into a stable storage form (triacylglycerides) to limit their elongation and their degradation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0989-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Increasing medium chain fatty acids production in Yarrowia lipolytica by metabolic engineering