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Background  Recent biotechnological advancements have allowed for the adoption of  Lactococcus lactis , a typical component of starter cultures used in food industry, as the host for the production of food-grade recombinant targets. Among several advantages,  L. lactis  has the important feature of growing on lactose, the main carbohydrate in milk and a majoritarian component of dairy wastes, such as cheese whey.    Results  We have used recombinant  L. lactis  NZ9000 carrying the nisin inducible pNZ8148 vector to produce MNEI, a small sweet protein derived from monellin, with potential for food industry applications as a high intensity sweetener. We have been able to sustain this production using a medium based on the cheese whey from the production of ricotta cheese, with minimal pre-treatment of the waste. As a proof of concept, we have also tested these conditions for the production of MMP-9, a protein that had been previously successfully obtained from  L. lactis  cultures in standard growth conditions.    Conclusions  Other than presenting a new system for the recombinant production of MNEI, more compliant with its potential applications in food industry, our results introduce a strategy to valorize dairy effluents through the synthesis of high added value recombinant proteins. Interestingly, the possibility of using this whey-derived medium relied greatly on the choice of the appropriate codon usage for the target gene. In fact, when a gene optimized for  L. lactis  was used, the production of MNEI proceeded with good yields. On the other hand, when an  E. coli  optimized gene was employed, protein synthesis was greatly reduced, to the point of being completely abated in the cheese whey-based medium. The production of MMP-9 was comparable to what observed in the reference conditions.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0974-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Getting value from the waste: recombinant production of a sweet protein by Lactococcus lactis grown on cheese whey