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Background  Thermostable lipases from microbial sources have been substantially overexpressed in  E. coli , however, these enzymes are often produced with low-level enzymatic activity and mainly in the form of inclusion bodies. Several studies have reported that the secretory production of recombinant proteins fused their N-terminus to a signal peptide has been employed to resolve the problem. In general, the feasibility of this approach largely depends on the secretory pathway of signal peptide and the type of target protein to be secreted. This study was performed to compare and optimize signal peptides for efficient secretion of thermostable lipase lipBJ10 from  Pseudomonas fluorescens  BJ-10. Meanwhile, a comparative study between this method and cytoplasmic secretion was implemented in secreting soluble and active lipases.    Results  Fusion expression using six signal peptides, i.e., PelB and five native  E. coli  signal peptides, as fusion partners produced more soluble and functional recombinant lipBJ10 than non-fusion expression. Recombinant lipBJ10, fused to these six diverse signal peptides, was secreted into the periplasm in  E. coli . The total lipase activity in all cases of fusion expression was higher than those in non-fusion expression. The relative activity peaked when lipBJ10 was fused to DsbA, yielding a value 73.3 times greater than that of the non-fusion protein. When DsbA was used as the fusion partner, the highest activity (265.41 U/ml) was achieved with the least formation of inclusion bodies; the other four  E. coli  signal peptides, to some extent, led to low activity and insoluble inclusion bodies. Therefore, DsbA is the optimal signal peptide partner to fuse with lipBJ10 to efficiently produce soluble and functional protein.    Conclusion  We found that fusing to these signal peptides, especially that of DsbA, can significantly decrease the formation of inclusion bodies and enhance the function and solubility of lipBJ10 compared to non-fusion lipBJ10. Our results reported here can provide a reference for the high-level expression of other lipases with respect to a possible industrial application.

microbial cell factories

Development an effective system to expression recombinant protein in E. coli via comparison and optimization of signal peptides: Expression of Pseudomonas fluorescens BJ-10 thermostable lipase as case study