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Background  To produce 1-propanol as a potential biofuel, metabolic engineering of microorganisms, such as  E. coli , has been studied. However, 1-propanol production using metabolically engineered  Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which has an amazing ability to produce ethanol and is thus alcohol-tolerant, has infrequently been reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to engineer  S. cerevisiae  strains capable of producing 1-propanol at high levels.    Results  We found that the activity of endogenous 2-keto acid decarboxylase and alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase is sufficient to convert 2-ketobutyrate (2 KB) to 500 mg/L 1-propanol in yeast. Production of 1-propanol could be increased by: (i) the construction of an artificial 2 KB biosynthetic pathway from pyruvate via citramalate ( cimA ); (ii) overexpression of threonine dehydratase ( tdcB ); (iii) enhancement of threonine biosynthesis from aspartate ( thrA ,  thrB  and  thrC ); and (iv) deletion of the  GLY1  gene that regulates a competing pathway converting threonine to glycine. With high-density anaerobic fermentation of the engineered  S. cerevisiae  strain YG5C4231, we succeeded in producing 180 mg/L 1-propanol from glucose.    Conclusion  These results indicate that the engineering of a citramalate-mediated pathway as a production method for 1-propanol in  S. cerevisiae  is effective. Although optimization of the carbon flux in  S. cerevisiae  is necessary to harness this pathway, it is a promising candidate for the large-scale production of 1-propanol.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0883-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Metabolic engineering of the 2-ketobutyrate biosynthetic pathway for 1-propanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae