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Background   cis ,  cis -Muconic acid is an important chemical that can be biosynthesized from simple substrates in engineered microorganisms. Recently, it has been shown that engineering microbial cocultures is an emerging and promising approach for biochemical production. In this study, we aim to explore the potential of the  E. coli – E. coli  coculture system to use a single renewable carbon source, glycerol, for the production of value-added product  cis ,  cis -muconic acid.    Results  Two coculture engineering strategies were investigated. In the first strategy, an  E. coli  strain containing the complete biosynthesis pathway was co-cultivated with another  E. coli  strain containing only a heterologous intermediate-to-product biosynthetic pathway. In the second strategy, the upstream and downstream pathways were accommodated in two separate  E. coli  strains, each of which was dedicated to one portion of the biosynthesis process. Compared with the monoculture approach, both coculture engineering strategies improved the production significantly. Using a batch bioreactor, the engineered coculture achieved a 2 g/L muconic acid production with a yield of 0.1 g/g.    Conclusions  Our results demonstrate that coculture engineering is a viable option for producing muconic acid from glycerol. Moreover, microbial coculture systems are shown to have the potential for converting single carbon source to value-added products.

Engineering E. coli–E. coli cocultures for production of muconic acid from glycerol