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Background  Previous studies have reported an increasing prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in immigrants who moved from low-cardiovascular-risk regions to Western countries, but little is known about time trends following immigration.    Methods  A retrospective cohort study of immigrants from Ethiopia in east Africa (EAI), the former Soviet Union (FSUI) and native-born Israelis (NBI) over a 35-year period. EAI were divided into three groups by date of immigration. Associations between ethnicity, age, sex and metabolic risk factors were assessed using logistic regression models.    Results  The study included 58,901 individuals (20,768 EAI, 20,507 FSUI, and 17,626 NBI). The multivariate odds ratios (OR) for diabetes were 2.4 (95 % CI 2.1–2.6), 2.1 (95 % CI 1.9–2.2) and 1.5 (95 % CI 1.3–1.7), respectively, for the three waves of EAI immigrations (P < 0.001 for trend) and 1.1 (95 % CI 0.9–1.2) for FSUI. For hypertension, the corresponding ORs were 1.8 (95 % CI 1.6–1.9), 1.4 (95 % CI 1.3–1.5), and 1.1 (95 % CI 0.9–1.2), respectively (P < 0.001) for EAI, and 2.1 (95 % CI 1.9–2.2) for FSUI. For obesity the ORs were −0.5 (95 % CI 0.4–0.6), 0.5 (95 % CI 0.4–0.6), and 0.3 (95 % CI 0.2–0.3), respectively (P < 0.001) for EAI, and 1.2 (95 % CI 1.1–1.3) for FSUI. The prevalence of diabetes in NBI with a BMI of 30 was identical to a BMI of 23.4 for EAI and 28.9 for FSUI.    Conclusions  The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was higher in EAI and increased over the years, despite a lower prevalence of obesity. It exceeded the prevalence rates in NBI.

cardiovascular diabetology

The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity among immigrants from East Africa and the former Soviet Union: a retrospective comparative 30-year cohort study