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Background  Although bronchodilator inhaler therapy can improve lung function in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL), its effect on mortality has not been studied. We evaluated the effect of tiotropium inhaler therapy on mortality in patients with TDL.    Methods  A retrospective cohort of 963 patients with TDL was followed for up to ten years by linking hospital and nationwide health insurance claims data. We compared patients receiving tiotropium inhaler with patients without tiotropium after matching with propensity scores. In addition, we elucidated the risk factors of mortality using Cox proportional hazards model.    Results  After the propensity score matching, the baseline characteristics were balanced in both the tiotropium group ( n  = 105) and the non-tiotropium group (n = 105); including mean age (63.9 vs. 64.4 years,  P  = 0.715), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) (45.0 vs. 45.3%,  P  = 0.903), and others. After the propensity score matching, the tiotropium group showed better survival than the non-tiotropium group (median survival period: not reached for the tiotropium group vs. 7.24 years for the non-tiotropium group, Prentice-Wilcoxon test,  P  = 0.008). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that tiotropium inhaler usage was associated with lower risk of mortality in the multivariate analysis (HR, 0.560; 95% CI, 0.380–0.824;  P  = 0.003) after adjusting age, sex, BMI, smoking history, mMRC dyspnea score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, concomitant COPD diagnosis, FEV 1 , X-ray severity score, and home oxygen usage.    Conclusions  Our results suggest that tiotropium inhaler is associated with decreased all-cause mortality in TDL. Further prospective study is required for validation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1055-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

respiratory research

Effect of tiotropium inhaler use on mortality in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung: based on linkage between hospital and nationwide health insurance claims data in South Korea