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Background  Patients with severe asthma have increased airway remodelling and elevated numbers of circulating fibrocytes with enhanced myofibroblastic differentiation capacity, despite being treated with high doses of corticosteroids, and long acting β 2 -adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists (LABAs). We determined the effect of β 2 -AR agonists, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, on fibrocyte function.    Methods  Non-adherent non-T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy subjects and patients with non-severe or severe asthma were treated with the β 2 -AR agonist, salmeterol, in the presence or absence of the corticosteroid dexamethasone. The number of fibrocytes (collagen I + /CD45 +  cells) and differentiating fibrocytes (α-smooth muscle actin +  cells), and the expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 and of β 2 -AR were determined using flow cytometry. The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was elucidated using the cAMP analogue 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) and the phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram.    Results  Salmeterol reduced the proliferation, myofibroblastic differentiation and CCR7 expression of fibrocytes from healthy subjects and non-severe asthma patients. Fibrocytes from severe asthma patients had a lower baseline surface β 2 -AR expression and were relatively insensitive to salmeterol but not to 8-Br-cAMP or rolipram. Dexamethasone increased β 2 -AR expression and enhanced the inhibitory effect of salmeterol on severe asthma fibrocyte differentiation.    Conclusions  Fibrocytes from patients with severe asthma are relatively insensitive to the inhibitory effects of salmeterol, an effect which is reversed by combination with corticosteroids.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0678-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Reduced suppressive effect of β2-adrenoceptor agonist on fibrocyte function in severe asthma