English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Asthma is characterized by a heterogeneous inflammatory profile and can be subdivided into T(h)2-high and T(h)2-low airway inflammation. Profiling of a broader panel of airway cytokines in large unselected patient cohorts is lacking.    Methods  Patients ( n  = 205) were defined as being “cytokine-low/high” if sputum mRNA expression of a particular cytokine was outside the respective 10 th /90 th  percentile range of the control group ( n  = 80). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to determine clusters based on sputum cytokine profiles.    Results  Half of patients ( n  = 108; 52.6%) had a classical T(h)2-high (“IL-4-, IL-5- and/or IL-13-high”) sputum cytokine profile. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed 5 clusters. Patients with an “IL-4- and/or IL-13-high” pattern surprisingly did not cluster but were equally distributed among the 5 clusters. Patients with an “IL-5-, IL-17A-/F- and IL-25- high” profile were restricted to cluster 1 ( n  = 24) with increased sputum eosinophil as well as neutrophil counts and poor lung function parameters at baseline and 2 years later. Four other clusters were identified: “IL-5-high or IL-10-high” ( n  = 16), “IL-6-high” ( n  = 8), “IL-22-high” ( n  = 25). Cluster 5 ( n  = 132) consists of patients without “cytokine-high” pattern or patients with only high IL-4 and/or IL-13.    Conclusion  We identified 5 unique asthma molecular phenotypes by biological clustering. Type 2 cytokines cluster with non-type 2 cytokines in 4 out of 5 clusters. Unsupervised analysis thus not supports  a priori  type 2 versus non-type 2 molecular phenotypes.  www.clinicaltrials.gov  NCT01224938. Registered 18 October 2010.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0524-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Cluster analysis of sputum cytokine-high profiles reveals diversity in T(h)2-high asthma patients