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Genetic polymorphisms in the  MTNR1B  gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there is no evidence about its impact on the therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide. This prospective case–control study was designed to investigate the effect of  MTNR1B  rs10830963 gene variant on the therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide in treating T2DM. We genotyped untreated T2DM patients (N = 200) and healthy controls (N = 200) using the method of the high resolution of melting curve (HRM). Newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 60) with  CYP2C9 *1 and  SLCO1B1  521 TT  genotypes were enrolled and given oral nateglinide (360 mg/d) for 8 weeks. The outcome was measured by collecting the venous blood samples before and at the 8th week of the treatment. The risk G allelic frequency of  MTNR1B  rs10830963 was higher in T2DM patients than the healthy subjects ( P  < 0.05). Post 8-week of treatment, newly diagnosed T2DM patients showed a less reduction in fasting plasma glucose levels and less increase in the carriers of genotype CG + GG at rs10830963 when compared with the CC genotype ( P  < 0.05).  MTNR1B  rs10830963 polymorphism was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide in T2DM patients. Also, the CC homozygotes had a better effect than G allele carriers.   Trial registration  Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR13003536, date of registration: May 14, 2013.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01004-y.

bmc medical genomics

Evaluation of the effect of MTNR1B rs10830963 gene variant on the therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide in treating type 2 diabetes among Chinese Han patients