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Background  Our study aimed to investigate signature RNAs and their potential roles in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using a competing endogenous RNA regulatory network analysis.    Methods  Expression profiles of GSE55100, deposited from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 12 T1DM patients and 10 normal controls, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus to uncover differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The ceRNA regulatory network was constructed, then functional and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. AT1DM-related ceRNA regulatory network was established based on the Human microRNA Disease Database to carry out pathway enrichment analysis. Meanwhile, the T1DM-related pathways were retrieved from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).    Results  In total, 847 mRNAs, 41 lncRNAs, and 38 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed. The ceRNA regulatory network consisted of 12 lncRNAs, 10 miRNAs, and 24 mRNAs. Two miRNAs ( hsa-miR-181a  and  hsa-miR-1275 ) were screened as T1DM-related miRNAs to build the T1DM-related ceRNA regulatory network, in which genes were considerably enriched in seven pathways. Moreover, three overlapping pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol signaling system (involving  PIP4K2A ,  INPP4A ,  PIP4K2C , and  CALM1 ); dopaminergic synapse (involving  CALM1  and  PPP2R5C ); and the insulin signaling pathway (involving  CBLB  and  CALM1 ) were revealed by comparing with T1DM-related pathways in the CTD, which involved four lncRNAs ( LINC01278 ,  TRG-AS1 ,  MIAT , and  GAS5-AS1 ).    Conclusion  The identified signature RNAs may serve as important regulators in the pathogenesis of T1DM.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00931-0.

Signature RNAS and related regulatory roles in type 1 diabetes mellitus based on competing endogenous RNA regulatory network analysis