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Background  Human aging is a hot topic in biology, and it has been associated with DNA methylation changes at specific genomic sites. We aimed to study the changes of DNA methylation at a single-CpG-site resolution using peripheral blood samples from centenarians.    Methods  Using Illumina 450 K Methylation BeadChip microarray assays, we carried out a pool-based, epigenome-wide investigation of DNA methylation of blood samples from 12 centenarians and 12 healthy controls. Differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) sites were selected for further pyrosequencing analysis of blood samples from 30 centenarians and 30 healthy controls.    Result  We identified a total of 31 high-confidence CpG sites with differential methylation profiles between the groups: 9 (29%) were hypermethylated and 22 (71%) were hypomethylated in centenarians. It was also found that hypermethylation of HKR1 and hypomethylation of ROD1 and NLRC5 genes strongly correlated with age in centenarians.    Conclusion  Our results indicate that the methylation profile combination of HKR1, ROD1, and NLRC5 could be a promising biomarker for aging in Hainan centenarians.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0334-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Methylation of the genes ROD1, NLRC5, and HKR1 is associated with aging in Hainan centenarians