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Background  IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that increases during malignant diseases. The purpose of this study was to: i) determine the mRNA amounts of  IL-10 ,  IL-10Rα , and  IL-10Rβ  in cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells and specimens; ii) evaluate their post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs; iii) ascertain whether miRNA dysregulation may affect IL-10-induced proliferation.    Methods  Genome-wide miRNA expression profiling was performed using a human microarray platform. The reference gene mRNA was measured through qPCR. miRNAs/mRNAs interactions were predicted by TargetScan, microRNA, and PITA. Transfections of specific miRNA mimics/inhibitors were carried out. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay in the presence of IL-10 after transfection with miRNA mimics/inhibitors.    Results  There were no differences in IL - 10 mRNA levels between any of the 3 melanoma cell lines tested and normal melanocytes. However, lower  IL-10Rα  expression was found in G361 and OCM-1 cells, and higher levels of  IL-10Rβ  were observed in G361 cells compared with normal melanocytes. GR-M cells did not exhibit any modifications in  IL-10Rα  and  IL-10Rβ  expression. miR-15a, miR-185, miR-211, and miR-30d were upregulated in G361 and OCM-1 cells, remaining at similar levels in GR-M cells. miR-409-3p and miR-605were down-regulated exclusively in G361 cells. Prediction tools revealed that miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211 targeted  IL-10Rα  whereas none of the miRNAs exclusively downregulated in G361 cells targeted  IL-10Rβ . Luciferase reporter and western blot assays showed that  IL-10Rα  expression is directly regulated by miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211, either alone or in combination. An inverse expression pattern between  IL-10Rα , on one side, and miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211 on the other one was also shown in melanoma samples. Ectopic expression of individual miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211, and even more their co-expression, caused a marked decrease in the proliferation rate of all the cell lines. Likewise, inhibition of any specific miRNA promoted cell growth, an effect that further increased when inhibition concerned all three miRNA. Moreover, specific knockdown of IL-10Rα prevented the proliferative effect of miRNA inhibitors.    Conclusions  Our results support a key role of  IL-10Rα  in the development and progression of melanoma and suggest that the IL-10/IL-10 receptor system may become a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.

IL-10Rα expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211 in melanoma