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Background The use of indigenous knowledge (IK) to control gastrointestinal nematodes has been known since ancient times. The objective of the study was to characterise the use of indigenous knowledge to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Methods A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from farmers. Chi-square was used to compute associations; the generalized linear model was used for mean rank scores. Results Roundworms were the most common gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) affecting goats reared in the bushland vegetation type than grasslands. Twelve plant species were commonly used to control GIN in goats, with  Cissus quadrangularis  Linn. singled out as the most widely used plant with a use-value of 0.97, followed by  Albizia anthelminthica  Brongn. (0.66),  Cissus rotundifolia  (Forssk.) Vahl (0.63),  Vachellia xanthophloea  (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter (0.59),  Aloe marlothii  A. Berger (0.58),  Sclerocarya birrea  (A. Rich.) Hochst (0.54),  Gomphocarpus physocarpus  E. Mey (0.53),  Aloe maculata  All. (0.50),  Trichilia emetica  Vahl (0.47),  Aloe ferox  Mill. (0.43),  Vernonia neocorymbosa  Hilliard (0.25)  and Schkuhria pinnata  (Lam) Kuntze ex Thell (0.16).  C. rotundifolia ,  V. xanthophloea ,  S. birrea  and  T. emetica  were dominant plant species used to control GIN in goats reared in the grassland vegetation.  A. maculata ,  A. ferox  and  V. neocorymbosa  were dominant in the bushland vegetation type. Conclusion The study revealed that ethnoveterinary plants are widely used in grassland and bushland vegetation types to control GIN in goats. Scientific validation of their efficacy and safety should be carried out to provide a cheaper alternative, thus improving the community livelihoods and development.

bmc veterinary research

Characterisation of the indigenous knowledge used for gastrointestinal nematode control in smallholder farming areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa