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Background    Toxoplasma gondii  is an important parasite that belongs to the phylum  Apicomplexa , distributed globally, causing major health issues for a wide range of hosts, including humans, native and wild animals.    Methods  In the present study, we detected IgG and IgM antibodies through an ELISA kit and DNA of  T. gondii  through PCR in 197 pets and stray cats in Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan, and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) to estimate the existence of feline toxoplasmosis.    Results  The current study revealed that stray cats have a significant infection rate of  T. gondii  (74.6%) as compared to pet cats (25.4%). In all the four districts, the prevalence of  T. gondii  was pointedly higher in district Kohat (95.5%) in the feline population. In comparison to the female (75.18%) and male (both pets and stray) cats have a maximum infection of (81.66%) non-significantly. The prevalence of  T. gondii  was observed to be significantly higher (91.66%) in the older and greater than 4 year old population of cats as compared to the younger ones. In poor health condition, the cat populations has a higher risk of infection of 92.3% as compared to healthy and poor body condition (73.91%) and (82.6%) respectively. The chronic and reactivated chronic conditions of toxoplasmosis were higher (58.37%) as compared to the acute condition.    Conclusion  It has been concluded that toxoplasmosis is widely spread in the studied population.The outcomes of the present study show that  T. gondii  infection has a significant impact on the type of cat, age, and area, which implies a serious threat to human beings. Therefore, genotyping of  T. gondii  strains from different hosts is needed to forecast the current approach for prevention and control of this zoonotic parasite.

Detection of toxoplasmosis in pets and stray cats through molecular and serological techniques in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan