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Background  Infectious disease, particularly the fungal disease chytridiomycosis (caused by  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ), is a primary cause of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. The transdermal route, although offering a simple option for drug administration in frogs, is complicated by the lack of knowledge regarding percutaneous absorption kinetics. This study builds on our previous studies in frogs, to formulate and predict the percutaneous absorption of a drug for the treatment of infectious disease in frogs. Chloramphenicol, a drug with reported efficacy in the treatment of infectious disease including  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , was formulated with 20% v/v propylene glycol and applied to the ventral pelvis of  Rhinella marina  for up to 6 h. Serum samples were taken during and up to 18 h following exposure, quantified for chloramphenicol content, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis.    Results  Serum levels of chloramphenicol reached the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 12.5 μg.mL − 1 ) for  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis  within 90–120 min of exposure commencing, and remained above the MIC for the remaining exposure time. C max  (17.09 ± 2.81 μg.mL − 1 ) was reached at 2 h, while elimination was long (t 1/2  = 18.68 h).    Conclusions  The model, based on in vitro data and adjusted for formulation components and in vivo data, was effective in predicting chloramphenicol flux to ensure the MIC for  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis  was reached, with serum levels being well above the MICs for other common bacterial pathogens in frogs. Chloramphenicol’s extended elimination means that a 6-h bath may be adequate to maintain serum levels for up to 24 h. We suggest trialling a reduction of the currently-recommended continuous (23 h/day for 21–35 days) chloramphenicol bathing for chytrid infection with this formulation.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02765-5.

Predicting in vivo absorption of chloramphenicol in frogs using in vitro percutaneous absorption data