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Background   Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae)  and  Lantana camara (Verbenaceae)  are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo  efficacy  of  Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara  and  Phyllantus amarus  on multiresistant  Salmonella spp  isolated in Benin.    Results  After performing in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of these plants, only the aqueous extract of  Uvaria chamae  (leaves) showed the best anti- Salmonella ’s activity and was used for this in vivo experiment. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9 × 10 8  CFU/ml was the optimal concentration triggering and maintaining symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration was used for in vivo assessment. Twenty-four hours post inoculation, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stools and somnolence) were observed in infected groups .  After 7 days of treatment, the reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L of the extract was respectively 85%, 52.38% and 98% for  Uvaria chamae, Phyllantus amarus  and  Lantana camara  in the chick’s groups infected with  Salmonella  Typhimurium ATCC 14028. On the other hand, colistin completely cancelled the bacterial load (reduction rate of 100%).  With the groups infected with  Salmonella spp  (virulent strain), the reduction rate of bacterial load at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L of extract was 0%, 98.66%, and 99.33%. The extracts at 200 and 400 mg/L were more active than colistin, which reduced the bacterial load by 33.33%.  The toxicity tests did not show any negative effect of Colistin and the  Uvaria chamae ’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks.    Conclusion  The aqueous extract of  Uvaria chamae  is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of  Salmonella enterica . This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.

Evaluation of in-vivo anti-Salmonella activity of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus used in Benin, West Africa