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Background  Antibiotics exposure has been implicated in the emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to structurally related or unrelated antibiotics. Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been administered to treat respiratory pathogenic bacteria in swine. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of exposure to a constant (3 μg/mL) and decreasing concentrations of tylosin on the susceptibility of  Salmonella enterica  serovar Typhimurium to various antibiotics.    Results   S . Typhimurium strains exposed to tylosin for 12 and 24 h in the in vitro dynamic model demonstrated at least an eight-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of florfenicol and tetracycline. Exposure to tylosin extended the lag-time of the growth curve and enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species. Gene expression analysis demonstrated up-regulation of the  acrAB  and  tolC Salmonella  efflux pump genes and its global regulators ( marA  and  soxS ). Besides, the expression of  ompC  gene was down-regulated in tylosin exposed  S . Typhimurium.    Conclusion  Exposure to decreasing concentrations of tylosin could reduce the susceptibility of  S . Typhimurium to florfenicol and tetracycline.

Tylosin exposure reduces the susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to florfenicol and tetracycline