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Background  We report the first case of canine  Salmonella  meningoencephalomyelitis and second case of canine  Salmonella  bacteriuria, as well as the first reported case of  Salmonella enterica  subspecies  houtenae  in a dog.    Case presentation  Immunosuppressive treatment in a dog for a relapse of steroid-responsive meningitis and arteritis (SRMA) allowed for the opportunistic establishment of a bacteremia with  Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae , ultimately causing meningoencephalomyelitis and subclinical bacteriuria. The bacterial infections were treated with a four-month course of amoxicillin; clinical treatment success was determined by serial negative urine cultures and lack of clinical signs correlated to the meningoencephalomyelitis.    Conclusions  Both the bacteriuria and meningoencephalomyelitis represented opportunistic infections in a dog immunosuppressed for SRMA. The clinical course of this infectious meningoencephalitis emphasizes the importance of differentiating relapse of initial disease from opportunistic infection occurring in a compromised central nervous system. The novel  Salmonella  species identified in this case acts as a reminder that infectious disease diagnostics should not be curbed by anecdotal prediction of routine pathogenic suspects.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02652-5.

Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae as an opportunistic pathogen in a case of meningoencephalomyelitis and bacteriuria in a dog