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Background  Little is known on significance, diversity and characteristics of gut  E. coli  in goats despite their importance as food animals globally. We characterized the temporal dynamics in diversity of  E. coli  in fecal samples from a cohort of goat kids and adult meat goats on pasture over a one-year period. Isolates were characterized based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence genes; shiga toxins 1 and 2 ( Stx1&Stx2 ) (STEC), intimin  (eaeA),  hemolysin ( hly)  and select important sero-groups (026, 045, 0103, 0126 and 0146) using molecular methods.    Results  A total of 516  E. coli  isolates were screened. Prevalence of virulence genes and STEC was 65 and 56% respectively. Prevalence of virulence genes and STEC was significantly higher in goat kids less than six months (76% /66%) than adults (48% /28%). Isolates with virulence profiles of two or more genes were also higher in young goat kids (50%) than adults (20%). Entero-pathogenic  E. coli  (EPEC- eaeA  gene only) were mostly from pre-weaned goat kids while  hly  gene only isolates were significantly higher in adults. The  stx1 ,  stx2  and  hly  genes peaked around weaning (60, 63 and 52%) respectively. Goats kids were mostly hosts to group D (59%) while adults older than one year had B1 (75%) isolates. Group D isolates were most abundant at weaning (64%) and diarrhea samples (74%). Group B2 isolates overall (6%) were mostly detected around weaning (63%) while A isolates were 4% overall. Twenty-four isolates belonged to sero-groups 026, 0103 and 0146 with 70% of the isolates detected around weaning. Nineteen of these isolates were STEC with most harboring the  stx1/stx2/hly/eae  (25%) profile. Most belonged to O26 sero-group (75%) and phylogroup D (75%).    Conclusion  To our knowledge this is the first study to highlight longitudinal age related differences in  E. coli  phylogenetic diversity, abundance of virulence genes and select important sero-groups in goats. Differences detected suggest a possible role of age and weaning stress in influencing  E. coli  diversity in the gut of goats. The findings are relevant to both animal and public health to advise on further studies on caprine  E. coli  isolates as animal and human pathogens.

bmc veterinary research

Age related differences in phylogenetic diversity, prevalence of Shiga toxins, Intimin, Hemolysin genes and select serogroups of Escherichia. coli from pastured meat goats detected in a longitudinal cohort study