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Background   Bartonella  bacteria have been associated with an increasingly wide range of human and animal diseases. These emerging pathogens have been identified as being globally dispersed. Ticks and small rodents are known hosts of  Bartonella  and play a significant role in the preservation and circulation of  Bartonella  in nature. This study investigated the occurrence of  hoist  spp. in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae ) in Shiqu County, which is located on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. Shiqu County is spread over approximately 26,000 km 2 , with an average altitude of above 4200 m and a vast area of pastureland.    Results  A total of 818 ticks ( Dermacentor everestianus , 79.0%, 646/818;  Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis , 21.0%, 172/818) were collected from yaks in 4 villages of Shiqu County. Only  Bartonella melophagi  was detected in tick samples, with a total prevalence of 30.1% (246/818). The infection rates of  B. melophagi  in ticks from Arizha, Maga, Derongma, and Changxgma were 4.8, 76.8, 12.5, and 18.0%, respectively. The infection rate of  B. melophagi  in Maga was higher ( p  < 0.01) than those in other villages. Regarding plateau pikas, the total infection rate of  Bartonella  spp. was 21.7% (62/286), with 16.7% (12/72), 30.9% (25/81), 13.8% (9/65), and 23.5% (16/68) in Arizha, Maga, Derongma, and Changxgma, respectively. Finally,  B. queenslandensis  and  B. grahamii  were detected in plateau pika. No significant difference was observed ( p  > 0.05) in the infection rates between these study sites.    Conclusion  To date, only  D. everestianus  and  H. qinghaiensis  were found in Shiqu County with high infection of  Bartonella  spp. in the ticks and plateau pika. The threats of  Bartonella  species to public health should be closely monitored.

Molecular detection of Bartonella in ixodid ticks collected from yaks and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) in Shiqu County, China