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Background  Infection in the oviduct (salpingitis) is the most common bacterial infection in egg laying hens and is mainly caused by  Escherichia coli . The disease is responsible for decreased animal welfare, considerable economic loss as well as a risk of horizontal and vertical transmission of pathogenic  E. coli . The outcome of salpingitis may be either acute or chronic. It has not yet been clarified whether the pathological manifestation is a result of the characteristics of the  E. coli  or whether the manifestation is associated with host factors such as host immunity.    Results  From the core- and accessory genome analysis and comparison of 62  E. coli  no genetic markers were found to be associated to either acute or chronic infection. Twenty of the 62 genomes harboured at least one antimicrobial resistance gene with resistance against sulfonamides being the most common. The increased serum survival and iron chelating genes  iss  and  iroN  were highly prevalent in genomes from both acute and chronic salpingitis.    Conclusion  Our analysis revealed that no genetic markers could differentiate the  E. coli  isolated from acute versus chronic salpingitis in egg laying hens. The difference in pathological outcome may be related to other factors such as immunological status, genetics and health of the host. These data indicate that salpingitis is another manifestation of colibacillosis.

Whole genome sequence comparison of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from acute and chronic salpingitis of egg laying hens