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Background  Milk sialylated oligosaccharides (SOS) play crucial roles in many biological processes. The most abundant free SOS in goat’s milk are 3’sialyllactose (3′-SL), 6’sialyllactose (6′-SL) and disialyllactose (DSL). The production of these molecules is determined genetically by the expression of glycosyltransferases and by the availability of nucleotide sugar substrates, but the precise mechanisms regulating the differential patterns of milk oligosaccharides are not known. We aimed to identify the complete cDNAs of candidate genes implicated in SOS biosynthesis ( B4GALT1, LALBA, ST3GAL5, ST6GAL1 ) and to analyse their expression during lactation in the Garganica and Maltese goat breeds. Moreover, we analysed the colostrum and milk contents of 3′-SL, 6′-SL and disialyllactose (DSL) and the possible correlations between expressed genes and SOS.    Results  We identified the complete coding cDNAs of  B4GALT1  (HQ700335.1),  ST3GAL5  (KF055858.2), and  ST6GAL1  (HQ709167.1), the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of these genes and 2 splicing variants of the  ST6GAL1  cDNA. RT-qPCR analysis showed that  LALBA  and  ST6GAL1  were the genes with the highest and lowest expression in both breeds, respectively. The interaction effects of the breeds and sampling times were associated with higher levels of  B4GALT1  and  ST3GAL5  gene expression in Garganica than in Maltese goats at kidding.  B4GALT1, LALBA,  and  ST3GAL5  gene expression changed from kidding to 60 and 120 days in Maltese goats, while in Garganica goats, a difference was observed only for the  LALBA  gene. Breed and lactation effects were also found for SOS contents. Positive correlations of  B4GALT1 ,  LALBA, ST3GAL5 , and  ST6GAL1  with 3′-SL/6′SL and DSL were found.    Conclusions  The genetic effect on the oligosaccharide content of milk was previously highlighted in bovines, and this study is the first to investigate this effect in two goat breeds (Garganica and Maltese) during lactation. The genetic variability of candidate genes involved in SOS biosynthesis highlights their potential role in affecting gene expression and ultimately biological function. The investigation of gene regulatory regions as well as the examination of other sialyltransferase genes will be needed to identify the genetic pattern leading to a higher SOS content in the autochtonous Garganica breed and to protect it using a focused breeding strategy.

bmc veterinary research

Identification of the complete coding cDNAs and expression analysis of B4GALT1, LALBA, ST3GAL5, ST6GAL1 in the colostrum and milk of the Garganica and Maltese goat breeds to reveal possible implications for oligosaccharide biosynthesis