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Background   Streptococcus suis  is a prominent pathogen causing septicemia and meningitis in swine and humans. Bacitracin is used widely as a growth promoter in animal feed and to control the spread of necrotic enteritis in most developing countries. This study aimed to characterize a novel membrane transporter module Sst comprising SstE, SstF, and SstG for bacitracin resistance.    Results  Comparative genomics and protein homology analysis found a potential efflux pump SstFEG encoded upstream of well-known bacitracin-resistance genes  bceAB  and  bceRS . A four-fold decrease in bacitracin susceptibility was observed in  sstFEG  deletion mutant comparing with  S. suis  wildtype strain CZ130302. Further studies indicated that the bacitracin tolerance mediated by SstFEG is not only independent of the BceAB transporter, but also regulated by the two-component system BceSR. Given that SstFEG are harbored by almost all virulent strains, but not in the avirulent strains, we managed to explore its potential role in bacterial pathogencity. Indeed, our results showed that SstFEG is involved in  S. suis  colonization and virulence in animal infection model by its potential competitive survival advantage against host bactericidal effect.    Conclusion  To our knowledge, this is the first study to functionally characterize the bacitracin efflux pump in  S. suis  to provide evidence regarding the important roles of the novel ABC transporter system SstFEG with respect to drug resistance and virulence.

Bacitracin resistance and enhanced virulence of Streptococcus suis via a novel efflux pump