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Background   Brucella  spp. isolation is increasingly reported in cetaceans, although associated pathologies, including lesions of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, are less frequently described. Concerning the nervous system,  Brucella  sp. infection causing meningitis, meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis have been extensively reported in striped dolphins ( Stenella coeruleoalba ), and less frequently in other cetacean species.    Case presentation  A juvenile female common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) was found stranded alive in Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) in 2005, but died shortly after. On physical examination, the dolphin showed a moderate body condition and was classified as code 2 (fresh dead) at the time of necropsy. The main gross findings were severe multiorgan parasitism, thickened and congested leptomeninges, and (sero)fibrino-suppurative and proliferative arthritis of the shoulder joint. Histopathological examination revealed the distinct features of a sub-acute systemic disease associated with  Cetacean Morbillivirus  (CeMV) infection. However, brain lesions diverged from those reported in systemic CeMV infection. This led to suspect that there was a coinfecting pathogen, based on the characteristics of the inflammatory response and the lesion distribution pattern in the central nervous system.  Brucella  sp. was detected in the brain tissue by PCR and  Brucella  antigen was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the brain and shoulder joint lesions.    Conclusions  The zoonotic potential of marine mammal strains of  Brucella  has been demonstrated both in natural and laboratory conditions. In this study, PCR detected  Brucella  sp. in the brain of a common bottlenose dolphin stranded in the Canary Islands; the dolphin was also co-infected with CeMV. This is the first detection of  Brucella  sp. infection in a stranded cetacean in this archipelago. Therefore, we stress the importance of taking adequate measures during the handling of these species to prevent the transmissions of the infection to humans.

Neurobrucellosis in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) stranded in the Canary Islands