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Background  Insects in the fish diet are a natural source of protein, fat, and other nutrients. These meals are considered an ecological replacement for fishmeal to improve growth parameters. The application of insect meals to fish diets has been studied, especially in continental fish. Data regarding the effects of insect meals on the gut health of Siberian sturgeon are not available. This study investigated the effects of full-fat  Hermetia illucens  (HI) and  Tenebrio molitor  (TM) meals on the gut health of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. Growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) histomorphology and the microbiome composition of juvenile Siberian sturgeon were analyzed.    Results  The inclusion of insect meals did not affect the growth performance or the survival rate. In the gastrointestinal tract histomorphology, a reduction in the mucosa thickness with the HI treatment was observed. In contrast, fish fed the TM diet had an increase in the thickness of the muscular layer. There were no observed significant differences in villus height among treatments. The analysis of the selected microbiota populations in the Siberian sturgeon gastrointestinal tract showed that insect addition affected the composition of the microbiome. The greatest effect on bacterial populations ( Clostridium leptum  subgroup ,  Enterobacteriaceae,  Clostridium coccoides – Eubacterium rectale  cluster,  Aeromonas  spp.,  Bacillus  spp.,  Carnobacterium  spp.,  Enterococcus  spp. and  Lactobacillus  group) was observed with the HI diet ( P  < 0.05). The TM-based diet increased counts in the following bacterial groups:  Clostridium coccoides – Eubacterium rectale  cluster,  Bacillus  spp.,  Carnobacterium  spp., and  Enterococcus  spp. In contrast, the TM diet decreased the total number of bacteria .  The TM diet did not significantly affect the  Clostridium leptum  subgroup ,  Enterobacteriaceae,  Aeromonas  spp. or the  Lactobacillus  group.    Conclusions  Fish meal replacement by the inclusion of 15% of full-fat  Hermetia illucens  and  Tenebrio molitor  (15%) meals did not affect the growth performance, survival rate or villus height of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. The present study suggests that an  H. illucens- based diet positively affects the gut microbiota composition and intestinal morphology of juvenile Siberian sturgeon without negative changes in the villus height.

Effects of insect diets on the gastrointestinal tract health and growth performance of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869)