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Background   Staphylococcus pseudintermedius  is the leading cause of pyoderma in dogs and the frequent use of antimicrobial treatment is associated to the development of resistance to nearly all classes of antibiotics. Despite  S. pseudintermedius  significance, our understanding of the molecular mechanism of β-lactam resistance and its genetic diversity remains limited. We aimed to:  i ) determine the phenotypic resistance profile of methicillin resistant  Staphylococcus pseudintermedius  (MRSP) isolated from infected dogs in three different veterinary hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina;  ii ) identify the SCC mec  elements and resistance genes; and  iii ) analyze the clonal relationship between isolates and in regard of dominant lineages found in the world.    Results  In addition to the differential levels of β-lactam resistance, MRSP isolates ( n  = 10) showed resistance to 5–6 families of antibiotics, and were therefore categorized as multidrug-resistant. All the isolates were variant of SCC mec  V homologous to  S. aureus ; additional SCC mec Finder analysis classified five of the genomes as SCC mec  type V (5C2&5) with  mecA  (encodes for PBP2a) , mecRI  and  mecI  and all the genes closely related to the reference SCC mec  type V  S. aureus  TSGH17 strain. In the remaining five strains,  mecA  was present, although other genes associated with SCC mec  V including  mecR1  and  mecI  were missing. PBP2a was inducible in low level resistance strains (MRSP 8151), and constitutively expressed in MRSP 8150, suggesting different  mecA  regulatory mechanisms. MRSP isolates showed significant genetic diversity: eight PFGE clonal types and six multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (STs) (339, 649, 919, 920, 921 and 922), including four new STs genetically distinct from STs reported in other geographic areas. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses of the MRSP showed a correlation between the genetic content and the phenotypes, and established the genetic relationship between the isolates.    Conclusions  MRSP could be a threat to animal health due to it concerning level of antimicrobial resistance. Our study highlights genetic and epidemiological aspects of multidrug-resistant MRSP strains from Argentina showing high degree of correlation between the resistance genes and the phenotype of the isolates and, furthermore, they appeared evolutionary closer to major worldwide reported ST68 and ST71.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1990-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc veterinary research

Identification and molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains isolated from canine clinical samples in Argentina