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Background  Enterotoxigenic  Escherichia coli  K88 ( E. coli  K88) are considered as a major cause of diarrhea and death in newly weaned piglets. Oral passive immunization with chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) have attracted considerable attention for treatment of gastrointestinal infection due to its high specificity. In this study it was estimated the protective effect of anti-K88 fimbriae IgY against  E. coli  K88 adhesion to piglet intestinal mucus in vitro and to investigate the potential use of IgY for controlling  E. coli -induced diarrhea in weaned piglets in vivo.    Results   E. coli  K88 was incubated with IgY for 24 h, and the bacterial growth profiles showed that specific IgY with a concentration higher than 5 mg/mL was observed to significantly inhibit the growth of  E. coli  K88 compared to nonspecific yolk powder in a liquid medium. Moreover, pretreatment with 50 mg/mL of IgY was found to significantly decrease the adhesion ability of  E. coli  K88 to porcine jejunal and ileal mucus, further supported by the observations from our immunofluorescence microscopic analysis. In vivo, administration of IgY successfully protected piglets from diarrhea caused by  E. coli  K88 challenge. Additionally, IgY treatment efficiently alleviated  E. coli -induced intestinal inflammation in piglets as the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines  TNF-α, IL-22, IL-6  and  IL-1β  in IgY-treated piglets remained unchanged after  E. coli  K88 infection. Furthermore, IgY significantly prevented  E. coli  K88 adhering to the jejunal and ileal mucosa of piglets with  E. coli  infection and significantly decreased  E. coli  and enterotoxin expression in colonic contents.    Conclusion  Outcome of the study demonstrated that IgY against the fimbrial antigen K88 was able to significantly inhibit the growth of  E. coli  K88, block the binding of  E. coli  to small intestinal mucus, and protect piglets from  E. coli -induced diarrhea. These results indicate that passive immunization with IgY may be useful to prevent bacterial colonization and to control enteric diseases due to  E. coli  infection. The study has great clinical implication to provide alternative therapy to antibiotics in  E coli  induced diarrhea.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1958-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Protective effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 adhesion in weaned piglets