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Background  Chicken erythrocytes are involved in immunity through binding of toll-like receptors (TLRs) with their ligands to activate downstream signaling and lead to cytokine production in erythrocytes. Some avian β-defensins ( AvBDs ) are constitutively expressed in tissues and some others can be induced by various bacteria and viruses. However, the expression of  AvBDs  in erythrocytes has not yet been studied extensively.    Results  The transcripts of eight  AvBDs  ( AvBD 1 to  AvBD 7, and  AvBD 9) and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 ( LEAP- 2) were found in normal chicken erythrocytes. The expression levels of  AvBD 2, 4 and 7 were significantly increased ( P  < 0.01), whereas the levels of  AvBD 1, 6 and 9 were significantly decreased ( P  < 0.01) after Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection. The mRNA expression level of  LEAP- 2 was not significantly changed after MDV infection. Highest viral nucleic acid (VNA) of MDV in the feather tips among the tested time points was found at 14 days post-infection (d.p.i.). In addition, 35 MD5-related gene segments were detected in the erythrocytes at 14 d.p.i. by transcriptome sequencing.    Conclusions  These results suggest that the  AvBDs  in chicken erythrocytes may participate in MDV-induced host immune responses.

Transcripts of antibacterial peptides in chicken erythrocytes infected with Marek’s disease virus