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Background   Streptococcus agalactiae  is pathogenic for both animals and humans. In dairy cattle it commonly causes mastitis, with great economic losses, and there is scientific evidence of mastitis, caseous lymphadenitis, contagious skin necrosis and purulent infections associated with  S. agalactiae  in camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) as well. In humans, it is a common component of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microflora, but it can also act as a pathogen, especially in elderly people and immunocompromised patients, as well as in pregrant women and newborns.    Case presentation  A 10-year old non-pregnant female llama ( Lama glama ) was conferred to the Institute for Animal Health Control, in Bolzano for necropsy after sudden death. The animal had not shown unusual behaviour and had a low to normal nutritional condition (body condition score 2/5). The breeder had reported a chronic suppurative subcutaneous infection in the intermandibular area, resistant to therapy (therapy unknown). After necropsy, several samples were processed for histological, bacteriological and parasitological examinations.    Conclusions  This report describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first isolation of  S. agalactiae  in llamas ( Lama glama ). The animal came from a herd that counts approximately 200 South American camelids (llamas, alpacas) along with several horses, chicken, rabbits, cats and dogs; this farm offers services, such as trekking and pet therapy activities.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1676-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae in a female llama (Lama glama) in South Tyrol (Italy)