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Background   Staphylococcus aureus , a common cause of bovine mastitis, is known for its ability to acquire to antimicrobial resistance and to secrete numerous virulence factors that can exacerbate inflammation. In addition, alpha-hemolysin has an important role in  S. aureus  infections, diversity of the  hla  gene (that produces alpha-hmolysin) in  S. aureus  isolated from bovine mastitis has not been well characterized. The objective was, therefore, to determine diversity of virulence genes,  hla  gene sequences, and clonal profiles of  S. aureus  from bovine mastitis in Chinese dairy herds, and to evaluate inter-relationships.    Results  The antimicrobials resistance varies from as low as 1.9% (2/103) for CTX to as high as 76.7% (79/103) for penicilin in the 103 isolates and 46 (44.7%)  S. aureus  were determined as multi-resistant isolates with diverse resistance patterns. Thirty-eight virulence gene patterns (with variable frequencies) were identified in the 103 isolates and correlated with MLST types, indicating a great diversity. Although the  hla  gene also had great diversity (14 genotypes), Hla peptides were relatively more conserved. With 7 clonal complexes identified from 24  spa  types and 7 MLST types. Regarding the letter, ST 97 was the dominant type in  S. aureus  from bovine mastitis in China. Furthermore, based on phylogenetic analysis, there was a distinct evolutionary relationship between the  hla  gene and MLST.    Conclusion  Multi-resistant  S. aureus  occurred in bovine mastitis with diverse resistance patterns. The diversity of virulence gene profiles, especially the  hla  gene and, their relationship with molecular types were reported for the first time in  S. aureus  from bovine mastitis, which will be useful for future studies on immunogenicity and vaccine development. In addition, based on the distinct evolutionary relationship between the  hla  gene and MLST types, we inferred that the  hla  gene has potential role for molecular typing of  S. aureus.Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1374-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Virulence gene profiles: alpha-hemolysin and clonal diversity in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine clinical mastitis in China