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Background  Bovine anaplasmosis is an endemic disease in tropical and subtropical areas. It is caused by a bacterium named  Anaplasma marginale , and represents an economic problem for cattle farmers due to the losses it generates, such as: mortalities, reduced production, quarantine measures, treatments and control of vectors. The method most often used to diagnose this haemotrophic bacterium is direct examination on blood smear, which sensitivity and specificity are limited compared to other methods such as PCR. The present study aimed at investigating the presence of  A. marginale  in dairy cattle of Luz de América commune, province of Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas. Two PCRs were used to amplify specific regions of the  Rickettsia  for its molecular identification.    Results  At first, 151 blood samples were tested:  msp 5 specific gene of  A. marginale  was identified in 130 samples, meaning 86.1% of them were infected by the rickettsia .  Two positive samples were further randomly selected to confirm the presence of  A. marginale  through amplification, cloning and sequencing of the conserved region of gene 16S rRNA. The analysis of sequences obtained through cloning revealed a 100% identity between both samples and those registered in GenBank for  A. marginale .    Conclusion  This is the first report and molecular identification of  A. marginale  in the bovine population of Ecuador and its prevalence was high at the level of farms and animals. These results demonstrate the importance of proceeding to evaluate and characterize bovine Anaplasmosis in Ecuador in order to establish control measures and reduce their impact.

PCR-diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale in cattle populations of Ecuador and its molecular identification through sequencing of ribosomal 16S fragments