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Background  Proliferative enteropathy is a global enteric disease of particular importance in pigs. The causative bacterium,  Lawsonia intracellularis , has a wide range of susceptible host species. Recently,  L. intracellularis  has been recognized as an etiologic agent of an emerging enteric disease in foals called equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE). The presence of  L. intracellularis  in nonruminant wildlife has raised questions regarding the role of these species in EPE transmission.    Results  This study investigated exposure to  L. intracellularis  in wild rodents and feral cats from eight farms with confirmed EPE. Serum (42) and fecal (40) samples from resident foals and fecal samples (131), intestinal mucosa tissues (14), and mesenteric lymph nodes (14) from wild and feral animals were collected for the evaluation of the farm status and the molecular detection of  L. intracellularis  following the diagnosis of EPE in index cases. Fresh feces from wild rodents and feral cats were collected from the ground while walking the premises or after trapping the animals using live traps. A total of 3 brown rats, 7 house mice, 1 striped field mouse, 2 grey red-backed voles, and 3 feral cats showed evidence of prior exposure to  L. intracellularis .    Conclusions  Our data add to increasing evidence demonstrating the potential for  L. intracellularis  transmission and infection in wild rodents and feral cats and provide possible evidence of interspecies transmission. The exposure of wild rodents and feral cats provides potential evidence for the spillover of  L. intracellularis  to wildlife species and raises the question of spillback to horses. Additionally, these animals may represent an indicator of environmental exposure or may be actively involved in the transmission of  L. intracellularis  to foals by acting as potential reservoir/amplifier hosts. This study is the first to demonstrate the magnitude of  L. intracellularis  shedding in the feces of wild rodents and feral cats and to indicate the significant infection risk that wild rodents and feral cats pose to naïve horses in South Korea.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1155-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Lawsonia intracellularis in the feces of wild rodents and stray cats captured around equine farms