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Background  The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to the commonly used beta-lactam antimicrobials and ESBL–producing bacteria render treatment difficulty in human and veterinary medicine. ESBL–producing bacteria have emerged in livestock in recent years, which may raise concerns regarding possible transfer of such bacteria through the food chain. The swine industry is important in Taiwan, but investigations regarding the status of ESBL in swine are limited.    Results  We collected 275 fecal swab samples from piglets with diarrhea in 16 swine farms located in central and southern Taiwan from January to December 2015 and screened them for ESBL–producing  Escherichia coli . ESBL producers were confirmed phenotypically by combination disc test and genotypically by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The occurrence rate of ESBL–producing  E. coli  was 19.7% (54 of 275), and all were obtained in swine farms located in southern Taiwan.  bla   CTX-M-1-group  and  bla   CTX-M-9-group  were the two  bla   CTX-M  groups found.  bla   CTX-M-55  (34 of 54; 63.0%) and  bla   CTX-M-15  (16 of 54; 29.6%), which belong to the  bla   CTX-M-1-group , were the two major  bla  gene types, whereas  bla   CTX-M-65  was the only type found in the  bla   CTX-M-9 group . Twenty-seven strains contained  bla   TEM-1 , and the other 27 strains contained  bla   TEM-116 . One strain found in Pingtung harbored three  bla  genes:  bla   TEM-116 ,  bla   CTX-M-55 , and  bla   CTX-M-65 . ESBL–producing  E. coli  exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, and multilocus sequence typing revealed that the ST10 clonal complexes, including ST10, 167, 44, and 617 accounted for 35% (19 of 54) of these strains.    Conclusions  ESBL-producing  E. coli  from piglets with diarrhea were isolated from swine farms located in southern Taiwan. The most commonly detected  bla  were  bla   CTX-M-15  and  bla   CTX-M-55 . The ST10 clonal complexes comprised most of our ESBL-producing  E. coli  strains. Fecal shedding from swine may contaminate the environment, resulting in public health concerns; thus, continued surveillance of ESBL is essential in swine and in other food animals.

bmc veterinary research

Characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets with diarrhea in central and southern Taiwan in 2015