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Background  The objective of this study was to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of how  Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae  enhances secondary  Pasteurella multocida  type A infection which leads to porcine enzootic pneumonia in infected pigs. Sixteen pigs were experimentally infected with  M. hyopneumoniae  and then euthanized at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post inoculation.  In situ  hybridization for  M. hyopneumoniae  DNA and  Ulex europaeus agglutinin -I (UEA-I) lectin histochemistry for fucosyl glycoconjugate, was performed in serial lung sections to determine alteration of fucosyl glycoconjugate in  M. hyopneumoniae -infected bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. Bacterial overlay assay was performed to determine the affinity of  P. multocida  type A with L-fucose.    Results  The luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells that were stained with UEA-I always showed hybridization signals for  M. hyopneumoniae  but it was negative in the unaffected parts of the lung from  M. hyopneumoniae -infected pigs and in lung from negative control pigs. Colocalization of  M. hyopneumoniae  and UEA-I was especially prominent in the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells in serial section of lung. The mean number of  M. hyopneumoniae -positive cells correlated with the mean number of UEA-I-positive cells in lungs from infected pigs throughout the experiment. All eight  P. multocida  type A isolates from naturally occurring enzootic pneumonia, bound strongly at levels of 2 μg and 5 μg of L-fucose.    Conclusions  The results of the present study demonstrate that  M. hyopneumoniae  increases the L-fucose composition to enhance adherence of  P. multocida  type A to the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells.

bmc veterinary research

Increased fucosyl glycoconjugate by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae enhances adherences of Pasteurella multocida type A in the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract