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Background  The cardiopulmonary nematodes  Dirofilaria immitis  and  Angiostrongylus vasorum  are increasingly reported in dogs and are responsible for two diseases with overlapping endemic areas, especially in Europe: dirofilariosis and angiostrongylosis. The reasons for their apparent emergence are unknown, but several factors (e.g. increased disease awareness, better diagnostic tools, climatic changes, seasonal population dynamics and movements of animals) may play a role in the recent rise in reports of infection in the various countries of Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of  D. immitis  (by DiroCHECK® ELISA) and the fecal presence of first stage larvae (L1) of  A. vasorum  (by FLOTAC) in dogs from 68 kennels of the Campania region (southern Italy). The fecal samples were collected from pooled samples using the box as epidemiological unit. To the authors’s knowledge, this is the first cross-sectional survey conducted at regional-scale in Italy and in Europe on the contemporaneous detection of  D. immitis  antigens and  A. vasorum  L1 in kennels.    Results  Antigens of  D. immitis  were detected in 24/537 (4.4 %; 95 % Confidence Interval = 3.0–6.7) dogs in 6 out of the 68 kennels (8.8 %; 95 % CI = 3.6–18.9). The 24 positive samples for  D. immitis  antigen were tested also with AngioDetect® and only 1 sample was seropositive for  A. vasorum  with a prevalence of 4.2 %.  A. vasorum  L1 were detected in dogs from 9 out of the 68 kennels (13.2 %; 95 % CI = 21.8–44.9). Pooled fecal samples from 25 boxes out of the 1360 analyzed resulted positive to  A. vasorum  L1 (1.8 %; 95 % CI = 1.2–2.7).    Conclusions  The present study indicates that cardiopulmonary nematodes are present in Campania region in symptomatic dogs as well as in asymptomatic ones. Therefore, regular parasitological surveillance, appropriate treatment strategies and high quality standard of hygiene are required to guarantee the health and welfare of kennel dogs.

Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum: the contemporaneous detection in kennels