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Background  Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by  Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax,  a hemoprotozoa that can affect bovines. In South America, the sanguineous form is mechanically transmitted from one mammalian host (ruminant) to another by the bite of a blood-sucking insect or by needles contaminated with infected blood. The negative impact of the parasitosis caused by  T. vivax  infection on the reproductive activity of male and female ruminants is known to reduce fertility. In males, alterations such as degeneration, diffuse or interlobular inflammatory infiltrate found in ovine and bovine testicles, can affect fertility through decreased sperm quality. This study evaluated the impact of natural infection with  T. vivax  on Zebu bulls from the Central Station of Artificial Insemination (CSAI) with regard to libido and the negative effects caused by this protozoan on semen quality.    Methods  Blood samples of 44 animals were collected to evaluate the presence of the trypomastigote form of  T. vivax  in blood smears obtained from hematocrit and buffy coat, and antibody titer IgG anti  T. vivax  in indirect Immunoflorescence (IFI). Furthermore, data related to libido, ejaculate volume, spermatic concentration, and seminal vigor were recorded for these animals employing the criteria of the CSAI.    Results  Nine animals (20.45 %) showed  T. vivax  trypomastigotes and parasitemia between 0.02 and 0.07, and antibody titers from 1:80 to 1:320 in IFI. Twenty nine negative animals in parasitological tests were not reactive in IFI, and six animals presented the antibodies IgG anti  T. vivax  in IFI. Data on reproductive activity showed that animals infected with  T. vivax  have a decreased libido and an increased spermatic volume, whereas other factors related to the reproductive process such as spermatic concentration, motility and spermatic force, were unchanged in infected bulls.    Conclusions  The  T. vivax  infection in Zebu bulls from CSAI caused patent parasitemia, induced a febrile state, promoted reduction in the libido and increased the ejaculate volume. These conditions together may account to decrease the performance of these animals.

Evaluation of parameters related to libido and semen quality in Zebu bulls naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax