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Background  There are limited data available on macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance of  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from bovine milk in China. To address this knowledge gap, MLS resistance was determined in 121  S. aureus  and 97 CoNS isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MLS antibiotics were determined by an agar dilution method, while differentiation of MLS phenotypes was performed by a double-disc diffusion test. MLS resistance genotypes were determined by PCR for corresponding resistance genes.    Results  Forty (33.1 %)  S. aureus  and 65 (67.0 %) CoNS were resistant to erythromycin, whereas all 218 isolates were susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin. Among 40 erythromycin-resistant (ER-R)  S. aureus  and 65 ER-R CoNS isolates, 38  S. aureus  and 40 CoNS isolates exhibited the inducible MLS (iMLS) resistance phenotype and 2  S. aureus  and 20 CoNS isolates expressed the constitutive MLS resistance (cMLS) phenotype. At the same time, 5 CoNS isolates exhibited resistance to erythromycin but susceptibility to clindamycin (the MS phenotype). An inactivating enzyme gene  lnu(A) , methylase genes  erm(C)  and  erm(B) , efflux genes  msr(A)/msr(B) , a phosphotransferase gene  mph(C) , an esterase gene  ere(A)  and the streptogramin resistance determinant  vga(A)  were detected individually or in combinations. Among them, genes  lnu(A) ,  erm(C)  and  mph(C)  predominated. The  ereA  gene was detected for the first time in staphylococci of bovine milk origin. Resistance genes also existed in erythromycin-susceptible isolates.    Conclusions  Our study demonstrated a high level of resistance to MLS antibiotics in staphylococci from bovine mastitic milk, especially with a high rate of the iMLS phenotype in  S. aureus  isolates. These data suggest that MLS antibiotics should be used judiciously to treat or prevent bovine mastitis caused by staphylococci.

bmc veterinary research

Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance phenotypes and genotypes of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates from bovine mastitis