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Background  Ureolytic activity of rumen bacteria leads to rapid urea conversion to ammonia in the rumen of dairy cows, resulting possible toxicity, excessive ammonia excretion to the environment, and poor nitrogen utilization. The present study investigated immunization of dairy cows against urease in the rumen as an approach to mitigate bacterial ureolytic activity therein.    Results  Most alpha subunit of rumen urease (UreC) proteins shared very similar amino acid sequences, which were also highly similar to that of  H. pylori . Anti-urease titers in the serum and the saliva of the immunized cows were evaluated following repeated immunization with the UreC of  H. pylori  as the vaccine. After the fourth booster, the vaccinated cows had a significantly reduced urease activity (by 17%) in the rumen than the control cows that were mock immunized cows. The anti-urease antibody significantly reduced ureolysis and corresponding ammonia formation in rumen fluid  in vitro . Western blotting revealed that the  H. pylori  UreC had high immunological homology with the UreC from rumen bacteria.    Conclusions  Vaccine developed based on UreC of  H. pylori  can be a useful approach to decrease bacterial ureolysis in the rumen.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0409-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Reducing microbial ureolytic activity in the rumen by immunization against urease therein