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Background   Toxoplasma gondii  is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect a range of animals and humans. Ingestion of  T. gondii  oocysts in soil is a significant transmission route for humans and animals acquiring toxoplasmosis .  In the present study, we developed a new semi-nested PCR method to determine  T. gondii  oocysts distribution in soils in northwestern China.    Results  The one tube semi-nested PCR assay was developed to detect the oocysts of  T. gondii  in soil, targeting the repetitive 529 bp fragment of  T. gondii  genomic DNA. Then a total of 268 soil samples, including 148 samples from Gansu Province and 120 samples from Qinghai Province, northwestern China, were examined by the semi-nested PCR method. One third of the positive samples were sequenced. The sensitivity of the semi-nested PCR assay was 10 2    T. gondii  oocysts in 5 g soil sample. Investigation of soil samples from northwestern China showed that 34 out of 268 soil samples (12.69%) were  T. gondii  positive. Sequences of the partial 529 bp fragments varied from 0–1.2% among the sequenced samples. The prevalence of  T. gondii  oocysts in soil from cities (24/163) was slightly higher than that in soils from pasturing areas (10/105) ( P  = 0.21). Among the different regions in cities, the prevalence of  T. gondii  oocysts in soils from parks was 14.15%, whereas that in soils from schools was 19.05%.    Conclusions  The present study firstly reported the prevalence of  T. gondii  oocysts in soils in northwest China using a novel semi-nested PCR assay, which provided baseline data for the effective prevention and control of toxoplasmosis in this region.

Detection of Toxoplasma gondiioocysts in soils in Northwestern China using a new semi-nested PCR assay