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Background  Activation of gene expression in striped domains is a key building block of biological patterning, from the recursive formation of veins in plant leaves to that of ribs and vertebrae in our bodies. In animals, gene expression is activated in striped domains by the differential affinity of broadly expressed transcription factors for their target genes and the combinatorial interaction between such target genes. In plants, how gene expression is activated in striped domains is instead unknown. We address this question for the broadly expressed MONOPTEROS (MP) transcription factor and its target gene  ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX FACTOR8  ( ATHB8 ).    Results  We find that  ATHB8  promotes vein formation and that such vein-forming function depends on both levels of  ATHB8  expression and width of  ATHB8  expression domains. We further find that  ATHB8  expression is activated in striped domains by a combination of (1) activation of  ATHB8  expression through binding of peak levels of MP to a low-affinity MP-binding site in the  ATHB8  promoter and (2) repression of  ATHB8  expression by MP target genes of the  AUXIN / INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID-INDUCIBLE  family.    Conclusions  Our findings suggest that a common regulatory logic controls activation of gene expression in striped domains in both plants and animals despite the independent evolution of their multicellularity.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01143-9.

Control of vein-forming, striped gene expression by auxin signaling